- I accidentally threw out some important documents! To give missing information. Please fill in the missing word in this sentence: My brother 12 years old. To get a passport, I filled in two forms and paid $200. Get along (+ with) To have a good relationship. My parents get along very well. They’ve been married for 35 years.
- English phrasal verbs aren’t the most popular topic among students as each phrase has many different meanings. Just change a preposition, and you’ll get an entirely new meaning of the words. Thus, it seems challenging to memorize them all, but you can start from the most common phrasal verbs that are used to have an English conversation.
- Learn Useful Phrasal Verbs with UP in English with Meaning and Examples. A phrasal verb is a verb that is made up of a main verb together with an adverb or a preposition, or both.
- The most frequently used English phrasal verbs in American and British English: A multicorpus examination. TESOL Quarterly, v45 (4), pages 661−688. 150 Most Common Phrasal Verbs Minnesota English Language Program.
- Most Important Phrasal Verbs For Ielts Ielts Documents
- Ielts Idioms Pdf
- Ielts Vocabulary Free Download
- Most Important Phrasal Verbs For Ielts Ielts Documented
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TRANSCRIPT
List of 150+ Powerful Phrasal Verbs in English! In this lesson, we will learn about the most common phrasal verbs (phrasal verbs with get, phrasal verbs with.
- HAL Id: hal-01369825https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369825Submitted on 21 Sep 2016HAL is a multi-disciplinary open accessarchive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come fromteaching and research institutions in France orabroad, or from public or private research centers.L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, estdestinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documentsscientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,émanant des établissements d’enseignement et derecherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoirespublics ou privés.Transitive phrasal verbs with the particle ”out”: Alexicon-grammar analysisMichelle Garcia-VegaTo cite this version:Michelle Garcia-Vega. Transitive phrasal verbs with the particle ”out”: A lexicon-grammar analysis.Southern Journal of Linguistics, 2011, 35 (1), pp.75-110. �hal-01369825�https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369825https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr
- 1Transitive phrasal verbs with the particle out:A lexicon-grammar analysis*Michelle Garcia-VegaFlorida International UniversityAbstractUsing a lexicon-grammar approach developed by Maurice Gross (1992), this project involved systematicallymapping the structural properties of over 550 transitive phrasal verbs with the particle out, PV out. Thedata is analyzed in terms of two main tables or matrices. The first table illustrates the morpho-syntacticproperties of purely simple PV out expressions, like freak out the kid ↔ freak the kid out. The second tableillustrates the morpho-syntactic combinations of complex PV out expressions, as in take the boxer out of thefight. The research shows that PV out expressions may involve up to 25 syntactic features, including N2promotion, as in The girl spilled the water out of the glass → The girl spilled the glass out, complex-neutralconstructions, like The water spilled out of the glass, and reversed constructions, like The company farmedthe oil out of the land →The company farmed the land out of oil. The research shows that these syntacticcombinations are highly lexical in that a unique combination of features applies to individual phrasal verbs.1. IntroductionVerb particle constructions or phrasal verbs, PV, have long intrigued linguists, since van Dongen (1919), Bolinger(1971) and Fraser (1976), and up to recent times as reflected in the works of Jackendoff (2002) and Dehé (2002). Thisarticle builds on recent work on phrasal verbs by Machonis (2008 & 2009), who uses a lexicon-grammar framework(Maurice Gross 1992 & 1994) to provide an extensive description of a full body of language data in order to drawconclusions. We constructed an exhaustive lexicon-grammar of 562 purely transitive phrasal verbs with the particleout, PV out, indicating up to 25 varying syntactic properties and transformations specified by plus or minus signs (cf.sample Tables 1-5 in this article). Even though certain verb classes show some syntactic similarities in ourclassification, it will be shown, nevertheless, that this information is highly lexical with a unique combination ofpluses or minuses applying to individual verbs rather than to broad semantic categories.In constructing lexicon-grammar tables, we use elementary sentences (Gross 1996) of the type subject-verb-particle-essential complements, such as N0 V Part N1, where N0 indicates the subject and N1 indicates the first complement.All of the PV out expressions analyzed are transitive and can appear in both the continuous and discontinuous order, asin the following examples where the arrow (↔) indicates relative synonymy:(1) N0 V N1 out ↔ N0 V out N1Clowns totally freak Peter out ↔ Clowns totally freak out Peter1* I would like to thank my professor Peter A. Machonis for his inspiration and guidance throughout this project. I would also like to thank theaudiences at the SECOL 77 conference and FIU’s 2010 linguistic colloquium for their comments and feedback.
- 2In contrast to intrinsically simple expressions like (1) above, some of these PV out constructions can also be analyzedas complex expressions. These introduce a second complement indicated by N2, representing longer prepositionalphrases generally by out of, signified as N0 V N1 out of N2. While simple PV out constructions may appear in both thecontinuous and discontinuous form, complex expressions can only appear in the discontinuous form.(2) N0 V N1 out of N2 ↔ *N0 V N1 N2 out ofKatie took the booties out of the basket ↔ *Katie took the booties the basket out ofAll the complex constructions examined, however, have the possibility of being reduced to simple PV out phrases, inwhich case the particle can be moved.(3) N0 V out N1 ↔ N0 V N1 outKatie took out the booties ↔ Katie took the booties outIn our lexicon grammar tables, subjects and complements were analyzed as simple NPs entailing the properties ofhuman (Nhum) and non-human (N-hum) indicated by a plus or minus value in the appropriate column. The meaningof the PV was also included in the table under synonym. The data of 562 PV out expressions2 was divided into twotables: (1) simple PV out expressions of the form N0 V N1 out, consisting of 201 constructions, and (2) complex PVout expressions, of the forms N0 V N1 out of N2, N0 V N1 out N2, and N0 V N1 out Prep N2 –all of which can bereduced to the simple form, consisting of 361 constructions. The tables (c.f. sample tables 1-5) include morphologicalinformation on the nature of the subject and possible complements, as well as the subset of related sentences andtransformations in the sense of Harris (1956).2. Simple PV outSection 2 briefly discusses the disambiguation and compositional status of PV out expressions. In section 2.1, it willbe shown that much of the compositional status of PV out expressions is highly contextual. Section 2.2 presents thevariety of transformations intrinsically simple PV out expressions exhibit showing that a unique set of features (plus orminus) apply to each phrasal verb and that this data is highly lexical and cannot be generalized based solely onsemantic categories. Section 2.3 presents a sample table of the data.2.1 Semantic Compositionality of Simple PV outBolinger (1971) was among the first to recognize that particles can contribute an aspectual or intensifying sense toregular verbs. Others have analyzed the compositional status of PV expressions as a semantic continuum ranging fromfully transparent to fully idiomatic (Bolinger 1971, Fraser 1976, Dehe and Jackendoff 2002, Baldwin 2002). Whilesuch analyses provide a more comprehensive view of the verb particle combination, compositionality in a lexicon-grammar framework entails simply two distinct semantic classes defined by the column, N0 V N1, which indicatesrelative synonymy with N0 V N1 out (Machonis 2009). The following examples, where the particle out is an optionalelement, seem to imply some type of aspectual or intensifying interpretation to the simple verb and are thereby viewedas compositional.
- 3(4) N0 V N1 ↔ N0 V N1 outa. Classical music mellows Max ↔ Classical music mellows Max outb. The boxer punched the opponent ↔ The boxer punched the opponent outA plus [+] in the column N0 V N1 serves to distinguish compositionally transparent PV out from idiomatic PV outexpressions.3 In 92 of the 200 simple PV out entries examined, the particle can be deleted showing that almost half ofthese expressions are compositional. On the other hand, a negative value in the N0 V N1 column indicates the particleis an essential element of the verb phrase illustrating a more idiomatic PV construction. Idiomatic PV’s, such as (5),are those that cannot delete the particle without causing a significant change in meaning and thus must be listed in thelexicon as complete units (Jackendoff 2002).4 The (≠) means the expressions are not synonymous.(5) N0 V N1 ≠ N0 V N1 outa. The gangsters took the boy ≠ The gangsters took the boy out ‘kill’b. The mischievous students burn the professor ≠ The mischievous students burn the professor out ‘exhaust’In these examples although the N0 V N1 column forms an acceptable expression, as in The gangster took the boymeaning literally ‘to take’, they do not mean the same as the idiomatic verb plus particle combination The gangstertook the boy out5 meaning ‘to kill’. The particle is as an essential component to the construction and the PVexpression is consequently non-compositional.Deleting the particle in other idiomatic PV’s can sometimes result in an unacceptable *N0 V N1 expression altogether,as in (6).(6) *N0 V N1 → N0 V N1 outa. *Talented journalists will knock a story → Talented journalists will knock a story out ‘produce quickly
Hello and welcome to Learn English Vocabulary. My name is Jack and I’m making this podcast for you to learn or revise English vocabulary. You can find a transcript of this podcast on LearnEnglishVocabulary.co.uk. There’s a page for this podcast with the transcript, an activity and a task for you to do in the comments section.
Today, I’m focussing on phrasal verbs again and this week, I want to focus on vocabulary related to work. I was looking around at some lists of phrasal verbs that are related to work and there are lots. I have selected some that I think are important and put together a roleplay for you. I’m going to play the roleplay twice. After the first time, I’ll discuss the most important language and then I’ll play the roleplay again.
In the speaking club lesson, there will be a roleplay for you to do that will give you the chance to use this language to help you develop fluency. There’s a link to the speaking club on the side of the page for this podcast.
Let’s get on with the roleplay.
Roleplay
Frank: It’s really important that we can catch up like this every now and again
Jack: Yes there are a few things I would like to go over, it’s been a while since we had a catch-up meeting like this.
Frank: I’m sorry we’ve not been able to meet up and talk things over before now but you know what it’s been like we’ve been so busy
Jack: I know we’ve been swamped
Frank: Yes I think everyone has
Jack: Actually, there is something I’d like to run by you.
Frank: Oh yes?
Jack: At the last team meeting, there were a number of action points and because of … well … everything that’s been happening with Covid, I don’t think anyone has really followed up on any of them.
Frank: Yes – you’re right. That’s at the top of the agenda for the next team meeting.
Jack: Great – are we going to meet up soon.
Frank: I have pencilled in the 22nd, but I’m waiting on confirmation from a few people.
Jack: That will be really good.
Frank: There is something I could do with your help on.
Jack: Of course, if I can help.
Frank: I really need someone to look at the latest budget proposal and report back in the team meeting.
Jack: No problem. I’d be delighted.
Frank: Are you sure? I don’t want you to take on too much.
How many phrasal verbs did you hear? There were nine phrasal verbs that are commonly used at work and a few other pieces of vocabulary that might have been a bit tricky. I’m going to go through the language in the same order that it occurred in the dialogue and then I’ll replay the dialogue so you can hear the language in context.
To catch up
In the first line, Frank said it’s really important that we can catch up like this. To catch up means to talk with someone to find out all the latest news. If you are walking behind someone, you might have to walk fast to catch up with them. If you are behind the times, that is, if you don’t know the latest news or developments then you need to talk to someone to catch up. If you miss a class at school, you might need to do some extra homework to catch up and be at the same level as everyone else in the class. In office situations, it’s also used as a noun. Managers might organise catch-up meetings so that everyone in the team knows what’s happening.
To go over something
In the second line, I said that there were a few things I would like to go over. To go over something means to examine or discuss something in detail. So when you have written a report at work, it’s a good idea to go over it again and check for any typos or mistakes. If you want to go over something with somebody, then you want to talk about something.
To meet up
In the next line, Frank says he’s sorry that we’ve not been able to meet up and talk things over. To meet up just means to meet. It implies a deliberate meeting – you don’t usually meet up with people by accident – normally, it’s an arrangement. However, this is not a strong rule. If you meet up with someone, you do something with them. You wouldn’t use meet up to talk about bumping into someone when you were walking to the shops.
To talk something over
To talk something over has a similar meaning to go over, but you talk something over with someone to find out their opinion. If someone asks to talk something over with you, it’s not so they can find a solution or solve a problem, but because they value your opinion.
Swamped
I said that I’d been swamped. This is quite a colourful piece of language that we use to say we’ve been really busy. We use the verb swamp to say that there is too much of something. So, since I put the advert up for the job, I’ve been swamped by job applications. If you use it in a more general sense, it just means that you’ve had too much work on.
To run something by someone
I told Frank that there was something I wanted to run by him. To run something by someone means to present something to someone for their opinion and in often if you’re at work, approval or permission. I have a new idea for an English lesson that I’d like to run by you. I might want your permission to make the lesson or I might want your opinion.
Most Important Phrasal Verbs For Ielts Ielts Documents
Action points
I used the business English collocation action points. These are the things that people need to do following a meeting. So if you have a meeting and agree to buy some paper, sell the computer and send a letter to the bank, these are three action points that can be assigned or given to the people at the meeting. At the beginning of most meetings, you have to go over the action points from the last meeting.
To follow up on something
I said: I don’t think anyone’s really followed up on the action points. To follow up means to take further action. Usually, it’s agreed what the action is. Perhaps it’s to send an email or call someone to talk about something. For example, I got a sales enquiry from a company from Germany, but I never followed up so nothing came of it.
The agenda
The next bit of vocabulary was the agenda. This is a list of things that you plan to talk about in a meeting. An agenda is an official plan so you can have an agenda if you go on an organised tour. At work, we use the word to talk about the items that you need to talk about in a meeting. The different items that you want to discuss in a meeting can be described as being on the agenda.
To pencil something in
When I asked Frank if there was a date for the next meeting, he said he had pencilled in the 22nd. If you say you have pencilled in a plan, it means that the plan has not been confirmed. There is still a good chance that the plan will change. We say pencilled in because you can use an eraser to rub out plans that have been made in pencil. I think that a long time ago, we may have used inked in to say that a plan was certain, but we only use the phrasal verb to pencil something in.
Proposal
Another piece of vocabulary to look at was the word proposal. I think that the most famous use of proposal is when someone asks someone else to marry them. If you propose something, then it’s like you are making an official suggestion or offer. A proposal at work is usually a document that includes one or more suggestions about some activity, perhaps it’s the way a budget is spent or perhaps a company asks for proposals for a new service or some work they need to be done and different companies can submit their proposals.
To report back on something
Frank asked me to look at the proposal and report back. This means to tell everyone else in the meeting the most important information from the proposal. If you are asked to report back on something, that might mean to tell people in a meeting or it might mean to write a short message with the important information and share it with your team.
To take something on
In the last line, Frank says that he doesn’t want me to take on too much. To take on means to accept a particular responsibility or job. So if you are in a meeting and there are three action points. If you take on one of the action points, you are saying that you will be responsible for carrying out the action. I always take on too much at work because I hate saying no to people.
There you have 9 phrasal verbs and 4 pieces of vocabulary. I want you to listen to the roleplay again to hear the language in context.
Roleplay
Frank: It’s really important that we can catch up like this every now and again
Jack: Yes there are a few things I would like to go over, it’s been a while since we had a catch-up meeting like this.
Frank: I’m sorry we’ve not been able to meet up and talk things over before now but you know what it’s been like we’ve been so busy
Jack: I know we’ve been swamped
Frank: Yes I think everyone has
Jack: Actually, there is something I’d like to run by you.
Frank: Oh yes?
Jack: At the last team meeting, there were a number of action points and because of … well … everything that’s been happening with Covid, I don’t think anyone has really followed up on any of them.
Frank: Yes – you’re right. That’s at the top of the agenda for the next team meeting.
Jack: Great – are we going to meet up soon.
Frank: I have pencilled in the 22nd, but I’m waiting on confirmation from a few people.
Jack: That will be really good.
Frank: There is something I could do with your help on.
Jack: Of course, if I can help.
Frank: I really need someone to look at the latest budget proposal and report back in the team meeting.
Jack: No problem. I’d be delighted.
Frank: Are you sure? I don’t want you to take on too much.
I hope you have enjoyed this lesson and find the language useful. There’s an interactive activity on the page for this podcast on Learn English Vocabulary .co.uk for you to practise using the language. If you want to practise using it in a speaking activity, then check out the speaking club.
Ielts Idioms Pdf
If you have enjoyed this podcast, please leave me a comment or a rating or a review. I love to hear from you and any comments or suggestions you have. If there are any topics or songs or scenes from a film that you would like me to talk about or anything else you would like to hear, I would be delighted to make a podcast for you. So please visit LearnEnglishVocabulary.co.uk and say hello.
Thanks for listening.